Bowhead Whale Research
Satellite Tracking of Western Arctic Bowhead Whales
Most Recent Map
From 10-24 October, we received locations from two tags deployed on bowhead whales. Both whales started the period making localized movements near Barrow Canyon. B24-01 (blue track) recently moved south of Barrow Canyon to an area north of Wainwright. B24-03 (yellow track) moved west of Barrow Canyon to an area in the central Chukchi Sea.
The objectives of this study are to use location data provided by satellite-linked tags to determine how bowhead whales' migration behavior and distribution during the 2020s have changed since 2006-2019 in response to declines in sea ice, different wind patterns, warmer water, and increasing human activity in the Arctic. Whales were tagged with transdermal SPOT tags manufactured by Wildlife Computers, WA. These tags use a different anchor mechanism to attach to the whale than the tags we deployed the last two years and we are excited to see how they perform.
This project is supported by North Pacific Research Board (Project No. 2113). Tagging activities are conducted under NMFS permit #24334 issued to ADF&G and under an approved ADF&G Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol #0027-2024-0027.
Animated bowhead movements between May of 2006 and July of 2010. The animation is large and may load slowly (3.3 MB).
Project Overview:
Bowhead whales are the most important subsistence species for coastal and island communities in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort seas. We work with subsistence whalers to attach satellite transmitters to bowheads to study their movements, habitat use, and behavior throughout their range including migration routes and timing, feeding areas, diving behavior, time spent within the spring and summer ranges. We also study how bowhead whales interact with oil and gas activities. We are investigating the use of tags that record oceanographic information to identify ocean features, such as fronts where whales prefer to feed. We are developing an acoustic tag that will record ambient sound and the vocal behavior of the whales to better understand the effects of high noise level activities such as seismic surveys and drilling activity.
This project began in 2006 and is a collaboration among the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, Whaling Captain’s Associations of Barrow, Kaktovik, Gambell, and Savoonga, the Aklavik and Tuktoyaktuk Hunters and Trappers Committees, the North Slope Borough, the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources. The project is funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.
Reports:
- Quakenbush, L. T., R. J. Small, and J. J. Citta. 2013. Satellite tracking of bowhead whales: movements and analysis from 2006 to 2012. (PDF 3,635 kB) U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region, Anchorage, AK. OCS Study BOEM 2013-01110. 56 pp.
- Quakenbush L., J. J. Citta, J. C. George et al. 2012. Seasonal movements of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort stock of bowhead whales: 2006-2011 satellite telemetry results. (PDF 6,706 kB) International Whaling Commission Science Committee Report SC/64/BRG1.
- Quakenbush, L., R. Small, and J. Citta. 2010. Satellite tracking of western Arctic bowhead whales. Final report. (PDF 3,490 kB) OCS Study BOEMRE 2010-033.
Publications:
- Citta, J. J., L. F. Lowry, L. T. Quakenbush, B. P. Kelly, A. S. Fischbach, J. M. London, C. V. Jay, K. J. Frost, G. M. O'Corry-Crowe, J. A. Crawford, P. L. Boveng, M. F. Cameron, A. L. Von Duyke, M. A. Nelson, L. A. Harwood, P. R. Richard, R. S. Suydam, M. P. Heide-Jørgensen, R. C. Hobbs, D. I. Litovka, M. Marcoux, A. V. Whiting, A. S. Kennedy, J. C. George, J. R. Orr, and T. Gray. 2018. A multi-species synthesis of satellite telemetry data in the Pacific Arctic (1987-2015): Overlap of marine mammal distributions and core use areas. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 152:132-153. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.02.006.
- Druckenmiller, M. L., J. J. Citta, M. C. Ferguson, J. T. Clarke, J. C. George, and L. Quakenbush. 2018. Trends in sea-ice cover within bowhead whale habitats in the Pacific Arctic. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 152:95-107. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.10.017.
- Citta, J. J., S. R. Okkonen, L. T. Quakenbush, W. Maslowski, R. Osinski, J. C. George, R. J. Small, H. Brower, M. P. Heide-Jørgensen, and L. A. Harwood. 2018. Oceanographic characteristics associated with autumn movements of bowhead whales in the Chukchi Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 152:121-131. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.03.009.
- Christman, C. L., J. J. Citta, L. T. Quakenbush, J. T. Clarke, B. K. Rone, R. A. Shea, M. C. Ferguson, and M. P. Heide-Jørgensen. 2013. Presence and behavior of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea in July 2011. Polar Biology 36:1851-1856. doi: 10.1007/s00300-013-1395-4.
- Citta, J. J., L. T. Quakenbush, S. R. Okkonen, M. L. Druckenmiller, W. Maslowski, J. Clement-Kinney, J. C. George, H. Brower, R. J. Small, C. J. Ashjian, L. A. Harwood, and M. P. Heide-Jørgensen. 2015. Ecological characteristics of core-use areas used by Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) bowhead whales, 2006-2012. Progress in Oceanography 136:201-222. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.08.012.
- Citta, J. J., L. T. Quakenbush, J. C. George, R. J. Small, M. P. Heide-Jørgensen, H. Brower, B. Adams, and L. Brower. 2012. Winter movements of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the Bering Sea. Arctic 65:13-34.
- Heide-Jørgensen, M. P., K. L. Laidre, L. T. Quakenbush, and J. J. Citta. 2012. The Northwest Passage opens for bowhead whales. Biology Letters 8:270-273.
- Quakenbush, L. T., J. J. Citta, J. C. George, R. J. Small, and M. P. Heide-Jørgensen. 2010. Fall and winter movements of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the Chukchi Sea and within a potential petroleum development area. Arctic 63:289-307.
Contact Information
Lori Quakenbush
Arctic Marine Mammal Program
1300 College Road
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Ph: (907) 459-7214
Fax: (907) 452-6410
lori.quakenbush@alaska.gov